its ern margins,  tofall in tinct. In fact, it is no Cro-Magnons  ofEurope at about time t. “Europe tyempty place in tattersall says. “t ered eac often, even y of t it came at a time knoo paleoclimatology as tellier interval, o yet another long spell of punishing cold.

    ever it  dreo Europe, it  ther.

    In any case, t Neandertals crumpled in tition from nerains against t least a little. Neandertals  tougens of tions t no modern side a feists and explorers  of temperatures routinely fell to 50 degreesbelohern England.

    Neandertals naturally retreated from t of it, but even so t  least as bad as a modern Siberian er. to be sure—aNeandertal y  as a species tly resilient and practically indestructible. t least a , over an area stretcar to Uzbekistan,wty successful run for any species of being.

    Quite ters of disagreement anduncertainty. Rigil tietury ted antal  ooped, sessential caveman. It  t prodded scientists to reconsidertologistnamed Camille Arambourg took refuge from tairplane. As  tire burst from t, and tipped suddenly, striking er in Paris  for an X-ray of icedt ebrae ly like tooped and al.

    Eitive or Neandertal’s posture , it ter. Neandertal vertebrae  simian at all. It cterly als—but only some of time, it appears.

    It is still commonly  Neandertals lacked telligence or fiber to compete onequal terms inent’s slender and more cerebrally nimble ne from a recent book: “Modern ralized tage [tal’s considerably ier pter clotter firesand bette